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81.
免疫性血小板减少症(immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)是一种由自身免疫介导的出血性疾病,其特点为血小板破坏增多和生成不足。ITP发病机制复杂多样,具有异质性,至今尚未完全明确,在儿童中尤其突出。现有研究表明,免疫失耐受引起各种免疫细胞或分子异常,进而导致血小板破坏增多或生成不足,是ITP的核心发病机制。随着研究的不断深入,越来越多的机制被报道。该文就儿童ITP的发病机制及其研究进展进行介绍。 相似文献
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《Diagnostic and interventional imaging》2021,102(9):561-570
PurposeTo assess myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV) measurement provided by a single-source dual-energy computed tomography (SSDE-CT) acquisition added at the end of a routine CT examination before transcatether aortic valve implantation (TAVI) compared to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and methodsTwenty-one patients (10 men, 11 women; mean age, 86 ± 4.9 years [SD]; age range: 71–92 years) with severe aortic stenosis underwent standard pre-TAVI CT with additional cardiac SSDE-CT acquisition 7 minutes after intravenous administration of iodinated contrast material and myocardial MRI including pre- and post-contrast T1-maps. Myocardial ECV and standard deviation (σECV) were calculated in the 16-segments model. ECV provided by SSDE-CT was compared to ECV provided by MRI, which served as the reference. Analyses were performed on a per-segment basis and on a per-patient involving the mean value of the 16-segments.ResultsECV was slightly overestimated by SSDE-CT (29.9 ± 4.6 [SD] %; range: 20.9%–48.3%) compared to MRI (29.1 ± 3.9 [SD] %; range: 22.0%–50.7%) (P < 0.0001) with a bias and limits of agreement of +2.3% (95%CI: −16.1%– + 20.6%) and +2.5% (95%CI: −2.1%– + 7.1%) for per-segment and per-patient-analyses, respectively. Good (r = 0.81 for per-segment-analysis) to excellent (r = 0.97 for per-patient-analysis) linear relationships (both P < 0.0001) were obtained. The σECV was significantly higher at SSDE-CT (P < 0.0001). Additional radiation dose from CT was 1.89 ± 0.38 (SD) mSv (range: 1.48–2.47 mSv).ConclusionA single additional SSDE-CT acquisition added at the end of a standard pre-TAVI CT protocol can provide ECV measurement with good to excellent linear relationship with MRI. 相似文献
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Mohammad Raish Ajaz Ahmad Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari Khalid M. Alkharfy Abdul Ahad Altaf Khan Fahad I. Aljenobi Naushad Ali Abdullah M. Al-Mohizea 《Yao wu shi pin fen xi = Journal of food and drug analysis.》2019,27(1)
Dietary supplements and foods can interact with various drugs, leading to possible clinical concerns. This study aimed to investigate the effect of orally administered sinapic acid (SA) on the pharmacokinetics of aripiprazole (APZ) in rats and its possible modulatory effects on hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP3A2 and CYP2D6) expression in the liver tissues. Single dose and multiple dose parallel groups of wistar rats were categorized into six groups (n = 6 each) which abstained from food for 12 h prior to the experiment, while water was allowed ad libitum. The investigation was carried out for single dose: Group I was treated with normal saline orally for 15 days (normal control). Group II was administered normal saline orally for 15 days and received APZ (3 mg/kg p.o.) on day 15. Group III received SA (20 mg/kg p.o.) for 15 days and received APZ (3 mg/kg p.o.) on day 15. Group IV was treated with SA (20 mg/kg p.o.) for 15 days. For the multiple dose study, Group I was treated with normal saline orally for 15 days (normal control); Group II received APZ (3 mg/kg p.o.) daily for 15 days; Group III was administered with SA (20 mg/kg p.o.) and APZ (3 mg/kg p.o.) for 15 days and Group IV received SA (20 mg/kg p.o.) for 15 days. The group I and IV were kept common in single and multiple dose groups. After last APZ dose, plasma samples were collected and APZ concentrations were determined using an UPLC-MS/MS technique. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental analysis. The concomitant administration of APZ with SA (as single or multiple dose) resulted in an increase in APZ absorption and a decrease on its systemic clearance. This was associated with a reduction in CYP3A2 and CYP2D6 protein expressions by 33–43% and -71–68% after the single and multiple co-administration, which are two enzymes responsible of the metabolism of APZ. Therefore, a reduction in the metabolic clearance appears to be the mechanism underlying the drug interaction of dietary supplement containing SA with APZ. Therefore, the concomitant administration of SA and APZ should be carefully viewed. Further investigations are required to assess the clinical significance of such observations in humans. 相似文献
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Peet J. van der Vyver Farzana Paleker Martin Vorster Francois A. de Wet 《Journal of endodontics》2019,45(1):62-67
Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal shaping effect of instruments manufactured from nickel titanium, M-Wire, and Gold wire with different glide path preparation techniques.Methods
One hundred thirty-five mesiobuccal canals of extracted human maxillary molars were randomly divided into 3 equal groups (N = 45) for glide path preparation with K-files (KF) (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), One G (OG) files (Micro-Mega, Besançon, France), and ProGlider (PG) files (Dentsply Sirona). Specimens of each glide path group were further divided equally into 3 groups for instrumentation with ProTaper Next (PTN, Dentsply Sirona), One Shape (OS, Micro-Mega), and WaveOne Gold (WOG, Dentsply Sirona) systems (n = 15). Micro–computed tomographic imaging was used to scan teeth before instrumentation and after shaping to compare centering ratio and canal transportation values at the apical, midroot, and coronal levels and the overall changes in canal volume. Data sets were statistically analyzed (analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis H tests).Results
The centering ratios for all groups were statistically similar at all levels. Apical canal transportation was significantly high for K/OS and K/PTN (P = .003). Midroot canal transportation was significantly high for K/PTN, K/OS, and OG/OS (P = .0003). Coronal canal transportation was significantly high for K/PTN and K/OS (P = .011). The highest change in canal volume was observed with all PTN groups and the lowest with PG/WOG (P = .06).Conclusions
WOG manufactured from Gold wire combined with PG showed better root canal shaping ability and removed less dentin from the canal walls. The nickel-titanium (OS) and M-Wire (PTN) instruments used in combination with KF significantly transported more canals. PTN removed the most dentin from the canal walls regardless of the GPP technique. 相似文献88.
《Clinical neurophysiology》2019,130(9):1562-1569
ObjectiveConventional deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems with ring-shaped leads generate spherical electrical fields. In contrast, novel directional leads use segmented electrodes. Aim of this study was to quantify the impedance variations over time in subjects with the directional Cartesia-Boston® system.MethodsImpedance records, programming settings, and clinical data of 11 consecutive Parkinsonian patients implanted with DBS directional leads in two Italian centers (Udine and Vicenza) were retrospectively evaluated. Data were collected before starting stimulation (in the operating room and at days 5 and 40) and after switching stimulation on at the successive follow-up visits (1, 6 and 12 months).ResultsDirectional leads have significantly higher impedance than ring leads. Stimulated contacts had always lower impedance compared to non-stimulated contacts. Before DBS-on, all contacts had higher impedance in the operating room, with an initial decrease five days post-surgery and a subsequent increase at day 40, more evident for directional contacts. The impedance of directional leads increased post-implantation at 1 and 6 months with a plateau at 12 months.ConclusionsThere was a significant difference between the directional and ring leads at baseline (before activation of DBS) and during follow-up (chronic DBS).SignificanceOur study reveals new information about the impedance of segmented electrodes that is useful for patient management during the initial test period, as well as during long-term DBS follow-up. 相似文献
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